Open Archive HAL - Lab-STICC_M3

Journal articles

EUREC⁴A

Bjorn Stevens ^{1, *} Sandrine Bony ^{2, *} David Farrell ³ Felix Ament ⁴ Alan M. Blyth ⁵ Chiristopher W. Fairall ⁶ Johannes Karstensen ⁷ Patricia K. Quinn ⁸ Sabrina Speich ² Claudia Acquistapace ⁹ Franziska Aemisegger ¹⁰ Anna Lea Albright ² Hugo Bellenger ² Eberhard Bodenschatz ¹¹ Kathy-Ann Caesar ³ Rebecca Chewitt-Lucas ³ Gijs de Boer ¹² Julien Delanoë ¹³ Leif Christopher Denby ¹⁴ Florian Ewald ¹⁵ Benjamin Fildier ² Marvin Forde ³ Geet George ¹ Silke Gross ¹⁵ Martin Hagen ¹⁵ Andrea Hausold ¹⁵ Karen J. J Heywood ¹⁶ Lutz Hirsch ¹ Marek Jacob ⁹ Friedhelm Jansen ¹ Stefan Kinne ¹ Daniel Klocke ¹⁷ Tobias Kölling ^{18, 1} Heike Konow ¹⁹ Marie Lothon ¹⁸ Wiebke Mohr ²⁰ Ann Kristin Naumann ¹ Louise Nuijens ²¹ Léa Olivier ²² Robert Pincus ^{23, 12} Mira L. Pöhlker ²⁴ Gregory Roberts ^{25, 26} Sabrina Schnitt ²⁷ Peter P. Sullivan ²⁸ Ludovic Touzé-Peiffer ² Jessica Vial ² Raphaela Vogel ² Nicola Alexander ³ Lyndon Alves ²⁹ Sophian Arixi ²⁵ Hamish Asmath ³⁰ Gholamhossein Bagheri ¹¹ Adriana Bailey ²⁸ Dariusz Baranowski ³¹ Alexandre Baron ³² Sébastien Barrau ²⁵ Paul Alan Barrett ³³ Andreas Behrendt ³⁴ Arne Bendinger ⁷ Florent Beucher ²⁵ Sebastien Bigorre ³⁵ Edmund Blades ³⁶ Peter Blossey ³⁷ Olivier Bock ^{38, 39} Steven Böing ¹⁴ Pierre Bosser ^{40, 41} Denis Bourras ²⁸ Pascale Bouruet-Aubertot ²² Keith Bower ⁴² H Branger ⁴³ Michal Brennek ⁴⁴ Alan Brewer ⁴⁵ Pierre-Etienne Brilouet ¹⁸ Björn Brügmann ⁴⁶ Stefan A. Buehler ¹⁹ Elmo Burke ⁴⁷ Ralph Burton ⁵ Radiance Calmer ²³ Jean-Christophe Canonici ⁴⁸ Xavier Carton ⁴⁹ Gregory Cato Jr. ⁵⁰ J. A. Charles ⁵¹ Patrick Chazette ^{32, 52} yanxu Chen ⁵³ Thomas Choularton ⁴² Patrick Chuang ⁵⁴ S. Clarke ⁵⁵ Hugh Coe ⁴² C. Cornet ⁵⁶ P. Coutris ⁵⁷ Fleur Couvreux ²⁵ S. Crewell ⁹ T. Cronin ⁵⁸ Zhiqiang Cui ¹⁴ yannis Cuypers ²² Alton Daley ³ G. M. Damerell ⁵⁹ T Dauhut ¹ D de Graaf ¹ Geiske E. de Groot ²¹ S. P. de Szoeke ⁶⁰ H Deneke ⁶¹ J.-P Desbios ⁴⁸ Vincent Douet ⁵³ K. Drushka ⁶² M. Dütsch ^{62, 63} A. Ehrlich ⁶⁴ K. Emanuel ⁵⁸ A Emmanouilidis ⁶⁴ Jean-Claude Etienne ²⁵ S. Etienne-Leblanc ⁶⁵ Ghislain Faure ²⁵ G. Feingold ⁴⁵ Linda Ferrero ⁶⁶ Andreas Fix ¹⁵ Cyrille Flamant ⁶⁷ Piotr Jacek Flatau ²⁶ Gregory R. Foltz ⁶⁸ Alan Gadian ¹⁴ Joseph Galewsky ⁶⁹ Martin Gallagher ⁴² Peter Gallimore ⁴² Cassandra Gaston ⁷⁰ Chelle Gentemann ⁷¹ Nicolas Geyskens ⁷² Andreas Giez ¹⁵ Christophe Gourbeyre ⁵⁷ Robert Grosz ⁴⁴ Manuel Gutleben ⁷³ Johannes Güttler ¹¹ Kashawn Hall ³ George Harris ⁷⁴ Kevin C. Helfer ²¹ Dean Henze ⁶⁰ Calvert Herbert ⁷⁴ Bruna Holanda ⁷⁵ Antonio Ibanez-Landeta ¹¹ Janet Intrieri ⁶ Suneil Iyer ⁷⁶ Fabrice Julien ²⁵ Heike Kalesse ⁶⁴ Jan Kazil ^{23, 45} Alexander Kellman ⁷⁷ Abiel Kidane ²⁰ Ulrike Kirchner ¹ Marcus Klingebiel ¹ Mareike Körner ⁷ Leslie Ann Kremper Jan Kretzschmar Ovid Krüger Wojciech Kumala Armin Kurz Pierre L'Hégaret Matthieu Labaste ⁷⁸ Tom Lachlan-Cope Arlene Laing Peter Landschützer Theresa Lang Diego Lange ³⁴ Ingo Lange Clément Laplace ⁵³ R Laxenaire Caroline Le Bihan ⁷⁹ M Leandro Nathalie Lefevre ⁸⁰ Donald Lenschow ²⁸ Qiang Li ¹⁵ Gary Lloyd ⁴² Sebastien Los ⁶⁹ N Losi O Lovell C Luneau ⁸¹ P Makuch Szymon Malinowski ⁴⁴ G Manta E Marinou Nicholas Marsden ⁴² Sébastien Masson ⁸² L Matthieu Nicolas Maury ²⁵ B Mayer M Mayers-Als Christophe Mazel W Mcgeary J C Mcwilliams M Mech Melina Mehlmann ⁷ A N Meroni T Mieslinger A Minikin yanmichel Morfa Avalos Caroline Muller ² Ionela Musat ² G Möller A Napoli A Neuberger Christope Noisel ⁷⁸ D Noone Freja Nordsiek ¹¹ J L Nowak L Oswald Douglas J. Parker ¹⁴ C Peck Renaud Person ⁸² A Plueddemann ³⁵ L Pologne Michal Posyniak ³¹ M Prange C Pöhlker V Pörtge U Pöschl E Quiñones Meléndez J Radtke Karim Ramage ⁵³ J Reimann Lionel Renault ⁸³ Gilles Reverdin ²² Klaus Reus ⁷ A Reyes J Ribbe M Ringel M Ritschel C B Rocha N Rochetin C Rollo J Röttenbacher Leo Saffin ¹⁴ S Sandiford I Sandu V Schemann I Schirmacher Oliver Schlenczek ¹¹ J Schmidt Marcel Schröder ¹¹ H Schulz Alfons Schwarzenboeck ⁵⁷ M Schäfer A Sealy I Serikov S Shohan E Siddle A P Siebesma Florian Späth ³⁴ C C Stephan M K Stolla Wojciech Szkółka ³¹ Stephane Tarot ⁷⁹ E Tetoni E Thompson J Thomson Lorenzo Tomassini ³³ Julien Totems ^{32, 52} L Villiger A Walther B Webber M Wendisch S Whitehall A Wiltshire A A Wing M Wirth Jonathan Wiskandt ⁷ K Wolf L Worbes E Wright V Wulfmeyer S young D Zhang C Zhang F Ziemen T Zinner P Zuidema M Zöger

* Corresponding author

1 MPI-M - Max Planck Institute for Meteorology

2 LMD - Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539)

3 CIMH - Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology

4 Meteorological Institute [Hamburg]

5 NCAS - National Centre for Atmospheric Science [Leeds]

6 ESRL - NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory

7 GEOMAR - Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel]

8 PMEL - NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory [Seattle]

9 IGM - Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology [Köln]

10 IAC - Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich]

11 MPIDS - Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization

12 PSL - NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory

13 SPACE - LATMOS

LATMOS - Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales

14 University of Leeds

15 DLR - Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt

16 DWD - Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach]

17 LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

18 LAERO - Laboratoire d'aérologie

19 UHH - Universität Hamburg

20 Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology

21 TU Delft - Delft University of Technology

22 PROTEO - Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique

LOCEAN - Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques

23 CIRES - Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences

24 MPIC - Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie

25 CNRM - Centre national de recherches météorologiques

26 SIO - Scripps Institution of Oceanography

27 Universität zu Köln

28 NCAR - National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder]

29 Hydrometeorological Service [Georgetown]

30 IMA - Institute of Marine Affairs

31 Institute of Geophysics [Warsaw]

32 LSCE - Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette]

33 United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter]

34 IPM - Institute of Physics and Meteorology [Stuttgart]

35 WHOI - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

36 QEH - Queen Elizabeth Hospital [Bridgetown, St. Michael, Barbados]

37 Department of Atmospheric Sciences [Seattle]

38 ENSG - École nationale des sciences géographiques

39 IPGP - Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris

40 Lab-STICC_M3 - Equipe Marine Mapping & Metrology

Lab-STICC - Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance : UMR6285

41 ENSTA Bretagne - École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne

42 University of Manchester [Manchester]

43 IRPHE - Institut de Recherche sur les Phénomènes Hors Equilibre

44 UW - University of Warsaw

45 CSL - NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory

46 MPI-M - Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie

47 SCASPA - St. Christopher Air and Sea Port

48 SAFIRE - Service des Avions Français Instrumentés pour la Recherche en Environnement

49 LOPS - Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale

50 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Meteorological Services,

51 Grenada Meteorological Services

52 CAE - Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale

LSCE - Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] : DRF/LSCE

53 IPSL (FR_636) - Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace

54 UCSC - University of California [Santa Cruz]

55 Cayman Islands National Weather Service

56 LOA - Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518

57 LaMP - Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique

58 MIT - Massachusetts Institute of Technology

59 COAS - Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Norwich]

60 CEOAS - College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Corvallis]

61 TROPOS - Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research

62 University of Washington [Seattle]

63 Department of Meteorology and Geophysics [Vienna]

64 LIM - Leipziger Institut für Meteorologie

65 Meteorological Department (St. Maarten)

66 UNIMIB - Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano]

67 TROPO - LATMOS

LATMOS - Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales

68 AOML - NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory

69 EPS - Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Albuquerque]

70 University of Miami [Coral Gables]

71 Farallon Institute

72 DTI - Division technique INSU/SDU

73 DLR - Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling]

74 Regional Security System [Barbados]

75 MPIC - Max Planck Institute for Chemistry

76 APL-UW - Applied Physics Laboratory [Seattle]

77 Barbados Coast Guard

78 DITM - Développement Instrumental et Techniques Marines

LOCEAN - Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques

79 IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer

80 ABC - Austral, Boréal et Carbone

LOCEAN - Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques

81 OSU PYTHEAS - Institut Pythéas

82 NEMO R&D - Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean

LOCEAN - Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques

83 LEGOS - Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales

Abstract : The science guiding the EUREC$^4$A campaign and its measurements is presented. EUREC$^4$A comprised roughly 5 weeks of measurements in the downstream winter trades of the North Atlantic – eastward and southeastward of Barbados. Through its ability to characterize processes operating across a wide range of scales, EUREC$^4$A marked a turning point in our ability to observationally study factors influencing clouds in the trades, how they will respond to warming, and their link to other components of the earth system, such as upper-ocean processes or the life cycle of particulate matter. This characterization was made possible by thousands (2500) of sondes distributed to measure circulations on meso- (200 km) and larger (500 km) scales, roughly 400 h of flight time by four heavily instrumented research aircraft; four global-class research vessels; an advanced groundbased cloud observatory; scores of autonomous observing platforms operating in the upper ocean (nearly 10 000 profiles), lower atmosphere (continuous profiling), and along the air–sea interface; a network of water stable isotopologue measurements; targeted tasking of satellite remote sensing; and modeling with a new generation of weather and climate models. In addition to providing an outline of the novel measurements and their composition into a unified and coordinated campaign, the six distinct scientific facets that EUREC$^4$A explored – from North Brazil Current rings to turbulence-induced clustering of cloud droplets and its influence on warm-rain formation – are presented along with an overview of EUREC$^4$A’s outreach activities, environmental impact, and guidelines for scientific practice. Track data for all platforms are standardized and accessible at https://doi.org/10.25326/165 (Stevens, 2021), and a film documenting the campaign is provided as a video supplement

Document type :

Journal articles

Domain :

Environmental Sciences

Complete list of metadata

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03023368
Contributor : Catherine Cardon Connect in order to contact the contributor
Submitted on : Tuesday, August 31, 2021 - 6:58:16 PM
Last modification on : Tuesday, June 14, 2022 - 3:44:41 AM