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. Acknowledgments, H. We, L. E. Hagdorn, A. H. Holmer, A. Knoll et al., Powell for assistance in the field We acknowledge the Bear Lake County Road department and D. M. Clow (Ogden) for allowing access to the studied exposures We also thank the reviewers for their constructive comments. Funding: This work is a contribution to the Agence Nationale de la Recherche projects AFTER (ANR-13-JS06-0001-01) and EvoDevOdonto (ANR-14-ACHN-0010) Author contributions: Fieldwork was carried out by A Thin section studies were performed by.; gladius-bearing coleoids: L.D.; sponges, other vertebrate remains: C.R.; algae: A.B. and G.E. All authors contributed to the discussion