Beryllium-10 production in gaseous protoplanetary disks and implications for the astrophysical setting of refractory inclusions

Emmanuel Jacquet (1)

1 IMPMC - Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie

Calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs), the oldest known solids of the solar system, show evidence for the past presence of short-lived radionuclide beryllium-10, which was likely produced by spallation during protosolar flares. While such 10 Be production has hitherto been modeled at the inner edge of the protoplanetary disk, I calculate here that spallation at the disk surface may reproduce the measured 10 Be/ 9 Be ratios at larger heliocentric distances. Beryllium-10 production in the gas prior to CAI formation would dominate that in the solid. Interestingly, provided the Sun's proton to X-ray output ratio does not decrease strongly, 10 Be/ 9 Be at the CAI condensation front would increase with time, explaining the reduced values in a (presumably early) generation of CAIs with nucle-osynthetic anomalies. CAIs thus need not have formed very close to the Sun and may have condensed at 0.1-1 AU where sufficiently high temperatures originally prevailed.

Keywords: Sun: flares -meteorites; meteors; meteoroids -accretion; accretion disks -stars: protostars -cosmic rays -X-rays: stars

Domains: Astrophysics [astro-ph]

Emmanuel Jacquet. Beryllium-10 production in gaseous protoplanetary disks and implications for the astrophysical setting of refractory inclusions. Astronomy and Astrophysics - A&A, 2019, 624, pp.A131. ⟨10.1051/0004-6361/201834754⟩. ⟨mnhn-02135519⟩