C. K. Beard, East of Eden: Asia as an important center of taxonomic origination in mammalian evolution, Bulletin of Carnegie Mu? seum of Natural History, vol.34, pp.5-39, 1998.

C. K. Beard and M. R. Dawson, Intercontinental dispersal of Holarctic land mammals near the Paleocene-Eocene boundary: Paleogeographic, paleoclimatic and biostratigraphic implications, Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, vol.170, pp.697-706, 1999.

C. Denys and D. E. Russell, Étude de la variabilité dentaire d'une pop? ulation de Paschatherium (condylarthre hyopsodontidé), provenant de la localité sparnacienne de Dormaal (Belgique), Bassin de Paris, vol.18, pp.37-45, 1981.

R. J. Emry, A North American Oligocene pangolin and other additions to the Pholidota, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, vol.142, pp.455-510, 1970.

R. Fahlbusch, Report on the International Symposium on Mammalian Stratigraphy of the European Tertiary, vol.5, pp.160-167, 1976.

P. Gervais, Enumération de quelques ossements d'animaux vertébrés recueillis aux environs de Reims par M. Lemoine, Journal de Zoologie, vol.6, pp.74-79, 1877.

P. D. Gingerich, New earliest Wasatchian mammalian fauna from the Eocene of northwestern Wyoming: composition and diversity in a rarely sampled high?floodplain assemblage, Papers on Paleontology, vol.28, pp.1-97, 1989.

M. Godinot, Aspects nouveaux des échanges entre les faunes mam? maliennes d'Europe et d'Amérique du Nord à la base de l'Eocène, Geobios, Mémoire Spécial, vol.6, pp.403-412, 1982.

M. Godinot and F. Lapparent-de-broin, Arguments for a mammalian and reptilian dispersal from Asia to Europe during the PaleoceneEocene boundary interval, Dis? tribution and Migration of Tertiary Mammals in Eurasia, pp.255-275, 2003.

M. Godinot, D. Dutheil, A. Galoyer, E. Gheerbrant, A. Nel et al., The Plesiadapidae across the PaleoceneEocene Boundary in the Paris Basin, Strata, série, vol.1, pp.53-54, 1998.

M. Godinot, E. Gheerbrant, and B. Weber, Biochronology of the Paleocene-Eocene transition in Europe: the plesiadapid evidence from Le Quesnoy, Micropaleontology. Special

K. Heissig, Ein Edentate aus dem Oligozän Süddeutschlands. Mittei? lungen der Bayerischen Staastsammlung für Paläontologie und histo? rische Geologie, vol.22, pp.91-96, 1982.

J. ?. Hooker, A new species of Platychoerops (Plesiadapiformes, Mammalia) from the latest Palaeocene of the Paris, London and Belgian Basins, Geobios, vol.27, pp.343-352, 1994.

J. ?. Hooker, Mammalian biostratigraphy across the PaleoceneEocene boundary in the Paris, London and Belgian basins, 1996.

R. M. Knox and . Corfield, Correlation of the Early Paleogene in Northwest Europe, Geological Society Special Publica? tion, vol.101, pp.205-218

J. ?. Hooker, Mammalian faunal change across the Paleocene-Eocene transition in Europe, Late Paleocene-Early Eocene Climatic and Biotic Events in the Marine and Terrestrial Records, pp.428-450, 1998.

J. ?. Hooker, J. Dashzeveg, and D. , Evidence for direct mammalian faunal interchange between Europe and Asia near the PaleoceneEocene boundary, Special Paper, vol.369, pp.479-500, 2003.

G. L. Jepsen, Tubulodon taylori, a Wind River Eocene tubulidentate from Wyoming, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, vol.7, pp.255-274, 1932.

W. D. Matthew, A revision of the lower Eocene Wasatch and Wind River faunas. Part V, Glires, Edentata. Bulle? tin of the American Museum of Natural History, vol.38, pp.565-657, 1918.

M. C. Mckenna, Toward a phylogenetic classification of the Mam? malia, Phylogeny of the Pri? mates, pp.21-46, 1975.

A. Nel, D. Ploeg, G. Dejax, J. Dutheil, D. De-franceschi et al., Un gisement sparnacien exceptionnel à plantes, arthropodes et vertébrés (Eocène basal, MP7): Le Quesnoy, vol.329, pp.65-72, 1999.

K. D. Rose, A new Paleocene palaeanodont and the origin of the Metacheiromyidae (Mammalia), Breviora, vol.455, pp.1-14, 1979.

K. D. Rose, The Clarkforkian Land Mammal age and mammalian fau? nal composition across the Paleocene-Eocene Boundary, Papers on Paleontology, vol.26, pp.1-197, 1981.

K. D. Rose, Eurotamandua and Palaeanodonta: convergent or related?, Paläontologische Zeitschrift, vol.73, pp.395-401, 1999.

K. D. Rose, J. J. Eberle, and M. C. Mckenna, Arcticanodon dawsonae, a primitive new palaeanodont from the Lower Eocene of Ellesmere Island, Canadian High Arctic, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, vol.41, pp.757-763, 2004.

K. D. Rose and R. J. Emry, Relationships of Xenarthra, Pholidota, and fossil "edentates": the morphological evidence, Mammal Phylogeny: Placentals, pp.81-102, 1993.

K. D. Rose, R. J. Emry, and P. D. Gingerich, Skeleton of Alocodontulum atopum, an early Eocene epoicotheriid (Mammalia, Palaeanodonta) from the Bighorn Basin. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, vol.28, pp.221-245, 1992.

K. D. Rose, R. J. Emry, T. J. Gaudin, and G. Storch, Xenarthra and Pholidota, Placental Mam? mals: Origin, Timing, and Relationships of the Major Extant Clades, pp.106-126, 2005.

K. D. Rose, L. Krishtalka, and R. K. Stucky, Revision of the Wind River faunas, Early Eocene of central Wyoming. Part 11. Palaeanodonta (Mam? malia), Annals of the Carnegie Museum, vol.60, pp.63-82, 1991.

K. D. Rose and S. G. Lucas, An early Paleocene palaeanodont, Pholidota) from New Mexico, and the origin of Palaeanodonta, vol.20, pp.133-150, 2000.

D. E. Savage and D. E. Russell, Mammalian Paleofaunas of the World, vol.432, 1983.

R. Secord, P. D. Gingerich, and J. Bloch, Mylanodon rosei, a new metacheiromyid (Mammalia, Palaeanodonta) from the Late Paleocene of Northwestern Wyoming. Contribution from the Museum of Paleon? tology, vol.30, pp.385-399, 2002.

G. G. Simpson, Metacheiromys and the Edentata, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, vol.59, pp.295-381, 1931.

G. G. Simpson, Holarctic mammalian fauna and continental relation? ships during the Cenozoic, Bulletin of the Geological Society of Amer? ica, vol.58, pp.613-688, 1947.

T. Smith and R. Smith, Synthèse des données actuelles sur les vertébrés de la transition Paléocène-Eocène de Dormaal (Belgique), Bulletin de la Société Belge de Géologie, vol.104, pp.119-131, 1995.

G. Storch, Fossil Old World "edentates, Senckenbergiana Biologica, vol.83, pp.51-60, 2003.

G. Storch and M. Rummel, Molaetherium heissigi n. gen., n. sp., an unusual mammal from the early Oligocene of Germany (Mammalia: Palaeanodonta), Palaeontologische Zeitchrift, vol.73, pp.179-185, 1999.

P. Teilhard-de-chardin, Les mammifères de l'Eocène inférieur de la Belgique, Histoire naturelle de Belgique, vol.36, pp.1-33, 1927.

T. Yongshen and W. Jingwen, A new palaeanodont from the early Eocene of Wutu Basin, 1999.

, Vertebrata PalAsiatica, vol.35, pp.110-120

M. Weber, Die Säugetiere. Einführing in die Anatomie und Sys? tematik der recenten und fossilen Mammalia. 866 pp. Gustav Fisher, 1904.

J. L. Wortman, Studies of Eocene Mammalia in the Marsh collection, Peabody Museum. Part II, Primates. Suborder Cheiromyoidea. Ameri? can Journal of Science, vol.16, pp.345-368, 1903.