Correlations among Fertility Components Can Maintain Mixed Mating in Plants

Mark Johnston 1 Emmanuelle Porcher 2 Pierre-Olivier Cheptou 3 Christopher Eckert 4 Elizabeth Elle 5 Monica Geber 6 Susan Kalisz 7 John Kelly 8 David Moeller 9 Mario Vallejo-Marín 10 Alice Winn 11
1 Department of Genetics [Saint-Louis]
2 CESCO - Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation
3 CEFE - Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive
4 Queen's University [Kingston]
5 SFU.ca - Simon Fraser University
6 Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology
7 PITT - University of Pittsburgh [Pittsburg]
8 LSHTM - London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
9 University of Georgia [USA]
10 EEB - Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [University of Toronto]
11 FSU - Florida State University [Tallahassee]
Abstract : Classical models studying the evolution of self-fertilization in plants conclude that only complete selfing and complete outcrossing are evolutionarily stable. In contrast with this prediction, 42% of seed-plant species are reported to have rates of self-fertilization between 0.2 and 0.8. We propose that many previous models fail to predict intermediate selfing rates because they do not allow for functional relationships among three components of reproductive fitness: self-fertilized ovules, outcrossed ovules, and ovules sired by successful pollen export. Because the optimal design for fertility components may differ, conflicts among the alternative pathways to fitness are possible, and the greatest fertility may be achieved with some self-fertilization. Here we develop and analyze a model to predict optimal selfing rates that includes a range of possible relationships among the three components of reproductive fitness, as well as the effects of evolving inbreeding depression caused by deleterious mutations and of selection on total seed number. We demonstrate that intermediate selfing is optimal for a wide variety of relationships among fitness components and that inbreeding depression is not a good predictor of selfing-rate evolution. Functional relationships subsume the myriad effects of individual plant traits and thus offer a more general and simpler perspective on mating system evolution.
Keywords : self-fertilization selective constraint pollen dis- counting functional relation inbreeding depression trade-off
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Mark Johnston, Emmanuelle Porcher, Pierre-Olivier Cheptou, Christopher Eckert, Elizabeth Elle, et al.. Correlations among Fertility Components Can Maintain Mixed Mating in Plants. American Naturalist, University of Chicago Press, 2009, 173 (1), pp.1-11. ⟨10.1086/593705⟩. ⟨mnhn-02265205⟩

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