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, Eutrophisation : enrichissement de l' eau, qu' elle soit douce ou saline, par des nutriments, en particulier par des composés d' azote et de phosphore, qui accélèrent la croissance d' algues et des formes plus développées de la vie végétale

, de la surface de l'eau, et des distributions des hauteurs d'eau, des vitesses du courant, et de la granulométrie du substrat. La longueur d'un faciès peut varier d'une à quelques fois la largeur du lit mouillé. A titre d'exemple, on peut citer trois grands types de faciès contrastés : les mouilles (pente relativement faible, fortes hauteurs d'eau, faibles vitesses), les rapides (pente élevée, fortes vitesses du courant, substrat composé majoritairement de gros blocs) et les plats (pente moyenne, vitesses moyennes et uniformes, hauteurs d'eau plutôt faibles

C. Lyon,

, Granulométrie : répartition des éléments selon leur taille

, Hélophyte : plante intermédiaire entre les types terrestre et aquatique, qui vit principalement dans les marécages gorgés d' eau, ou dans l' eau elle-même d' où émergent les rameaux portant feuilles et fleurs. Plante aquatique ou semi-aquatique pérenne adaptée aux espaces marécageux

, Hydrologie : étude des variations spatiales et temporelles du débit des cours d'eau

, Hydrophyte : plante qui croît dans l' eau et les sols saturés. Plante cryptophyte qui survit, pendant la saison la moins favorable à sa croissance